This prominent rhythm spreads not only within the olfactory system but also organizes activity in the cognitive system ( Heck et al., 2019 Karalis and Sirota, 2022 Mori et al., 2013 Tort et al., 2018). In mammals, rhythmic inhalations evoke temporally structured activity in the olfactory bulb, which is termed as respiration rhythm. The strong influence of olfaction on cognitive functions can be explained by a tight anatomical and functional coupling between the olfactory and the cognitive system. Human behavior, even though we are not always consciously aware of it, is also influenced by odor cues, and the performance in olfactory and cognitive tests correlates in healthy adults ( Yahiaoui-Doktor et al., 2019) and elderly ( Uchida et al., 2020). In rodents, cognitive functions are strongly influenced by the sense of smell as they use odor cues for memory, decision making, and navigation ( Fischler-Ruiz et al., 2021 Igarashi et al., 2014 Symanski et al., 2021). Only recently, olfaction gained attention in studying behaviors in the context of cognition. In this article, we will refer to this network with the term ‘cognitive system’. Despite substantial differences, all these tasks require coordinated activity in distributed brain areas centered around a core network consisting of the hippocampal formation and frontal cortical areas ( Uhlhaas and Singer, 2006). The term cognition refers to mental processes as diverse as perception, memory, working memory, decision making, and more. However, due to the dominance of vision and hearing in our day-to-day life, olfaction has long been overlooked in the field of cognition. Most people are familiar with the phenomenon that a particular smell can trigger strong memories. Der Geruchssinn bietet ein großartiges Werkzeug zur Untersuchung weitläufiger Netzwerke, die kognitiven Fähigkeiten zugrunde liegen, und birgt das Potenzial für ein besseres Verständnis kognitiver Symptome, die mit vielen psychischen Störungen einhergehen. Darüber hinaus diskutieren wir, wie olfaktorische Aktivität die Entwicklung kognitiver Netzwerke beeinflussen kann, sowie Assoziationen zwischen dem Rückgang olfaktorischer und kognitiver Fähigkeiten im Alter. Wir diskutieren hier das Zusammenspiel zwischen Geruchssinn und Kognition und untersuchen die Idee, dass die Aktivität in olfaktorischen Arealen entscheidend zur Koordination kognitiver Netzwerkaktivität beiträgt. Während die Verarbeitung olfaktorischer Informationen in frühen sensorischen Arealen gut verstanden ist, ist die Frage wie der Geruchssinn die Kognition beeinflusst erst vor kurzem in das Blickfeld der neurowissenschaftlichen Forschung gerückt. Die Wahrnehmung dieser Duftstoffe hilft uns bei der Orientierung, prägt unser soziales Leben und kann emotionale Erinnerungen auslösen, die uns innerhalb von Sekundenbruchteilen in die Vergangenheit zurückversetzen. Obwohl meist nicht bewusst, navigieren wir ständig durch eine komplexe Landschaft von Duftstoffen. Olfaction provides a great tool to study large-scale networks underlying cognitive abilities and bears the potential for a better understanding of cognitive symptoms associated with many mental disorders. Further, we discuss how olfactory activity may shape the development of cognitive networks and associations between the decline of olfactory and cognitive abilities in aging. Here, we review links between olfaction and cognition and explore the idea that the activity in olfactory areas may be critical for coordinating cognitive networks. While the processing of olfactory information in early sensory areas is well understood, how the sense of smell affects cognition only recently gained attention in the field of neuroscience. The perception of these molecules helps us navigate, shapes our social life, and can trigger emotionally charged memories transporting us back to the past within a split second. Although mostly unaware, we constantly navigate a complex landscape of airborne molecules.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
Details
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |